Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian Contact
Stratigraphic contact between the Jagua Formation and the San Vicente Member of the Guasasa Formation. The former consists of carbonaceous stratified limestones, and the latter of massive or thickly stratified limestones.
- Viñales Mountains
Gran Caverna de Santo Tomás
Known as the princess of Cuban caverns, it spans 46.2 km. Abundant Quaternary fossil remains and evidence of human activity by our ancestors are reported.
- Quemado Mountains, El Moncada Community.
Palmarito Cave
The largest underground complex in Cuba, with over 50 km of galleries, traversing a massif of cones, towers, and very rugged karst domes, where a multitude of typical tropical karst forms are also found in great proportion.
- Viñales mountains, Palmarito Valley
Del Cable cave
A transverse, inactive cave, with two levels of perpendicularly intersecting galleries, with a 10 m drop. It is 1000 m long and crosses the mountain range from one side to the other, from San Vicente Valley to La Jutía Valley.
- Viñales Mountains, Palmarito Valley
Cumpleaños Cave
Aragonite speleothems and truly surprising formations, clearly constituting an elevated underground channel raised by neotectonics and fractured by a fault dividing it in two.
- San Vicente Valley
Constantino Cave
In addition to its dimensions, over 25 km of galleries, it is the type locality of Paralouata varonai, one of the three primate species recognized as inhabitants of the Cuban archipelago during the Quaternary.
- De Galeras Mountains
Del Ocho cave
An inactive fluvial cave, known for its figure-eight (“8”) or keyhole shape. Of great importance for its dimensions (9 km in length), it is one of the most important caves in the Palmarito system.
- Viñales Mountains, Penitence Valley
Grande cave
An emissive, active cave, belonging to the Palmarito-Novillo-Pan de Azúcar Cave System. It is approximately 2240 m long, and inside, the superposition of three levels of galleries can be observed.
- Viñales Mountains, Penitence Valley
